The geodist database drivers#

We use country-level technology-rich energy-economy and integrated assessment models that include detailed representations of the energy, transport and land systems and provide insights on emissions, energy system and economic implications of low-emission pathways until 2050. This study presents national low-emission scenarios to inform such strategies for Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, EU-28, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Russia and the USA. The Paris Agreement invited Parties to develop low-emission development strategies. Our findings generally show that market participants could perceive and assimilate market changes and adjust their expectations, which restrained the impacts that should have occurred within the oil price war. Finally, negative crude oil prices affect West Texas Intermediate crude oil markets the most. Furthermore, the magnitude of the impacts on futures markets is negatively correlated with the time-to-maturity of futures. The outbreak of and truce following the price war have asymmetrical impacts on the markets negative impacts generated by information leakage during the outbreak are generally more durable than the positive ones it generated during the truce. The results indicate that information leakage plays an important role in the impacts of the price war. The event study method, a well-established analytical tool to measure the impacts of a given event on markets, is used in this study. By doing so, we use the daily futures and spot prices in three major crude oil markets-West Texas Intermediate, European Brent, and Oman-to perform a systematic analysis of the impacts of the oil price war on them. We investigate the impacts of the oil price war on global crude oil markets. The COVID-19 pandemic damaged crude oil markets and amplified the consequences of uncertainty stemming from the Russia-Saudi Arabia oil price war in March–April of 2020. Our study provides several practical policy implications to balance fiscal stability towards sustainable development. Russian government follows the expenditure side adjustments, mainly the national and social expenditures in fiscal management. We assess fiscal consolidation in the second phase in the case of hydrocarbon prices induced fiscal deficit and surplus. Russian fiscal stance is also anchored with the international gas price, but connectivity is less vigorous than oil.

The degree of responsiveness of FS to oil price is profound in the medium memory due to the time lag of the transaction process of the oil trade. Our investigation demonstrates the fiscal stance (FS) positively responds to positive oil price shocks at medium quantile of FS and at lower to the higher quantile of oil price. In doing so, we apply Cross-Quantilogram and Dynamic Simulated Autoregressive Distributed Lags (DSARDL) to analyse time-series data from January 2011 to August 2021. Given the considerable hydrocarbon dependency, we scrutinise the resilience of the Russian fiscal stance to international oil and gas prices at the first phase of this study. The current transition to a greener economy affects world markets dynamics.

The geodist database drivers#

Focusing on the socio-economic drivers of energy demand in this manner provides useful insights into the local context that defines the energy system. The results quantitatively demonstrate the value of this approach, with the final energy demand in some sectors varying by as much as double or threefold compared with a population weighting. The authors apply this multi-dimensional approach to a rural case study region, carefully examining the range of energy usage indicators in each sector before selecting the most suitable. This paper proposes a novel conceptual framework to address these gaps using a combination of local energy usage indicators and national unit energy consumption statistics. This paper identifies four key limitations in the literature: over-reliance on simple population-based proportioning, a narrow focus on building energy, subsequent omission of transport energy in the majority of studies and a lack of transparency in a significant number of studies. However, there is a lack of clarity within existing literature on how best to determine a complete regional energy balance including industry, residential, services, agriculture, and transport sectors. A vital first step for regional energy transitions is to develop an understanding of the current energy balance and related carbon dioxide emissions.